Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery Center

Heart health is essential at every stage of life, and regular check-ups can help prevent and manage potential issues early. At Biruni Hospital, we are committed to supporting your heart health with comprehensive diagnostic tests, personalized treatments, and advanced cardiology procedures.

Our experienced team uses state-of-the-art technology to provide the highest standard of care, helping you maintain a healthy heart and a better quality of life.

What is cardiology and cardiovascular surgery?

Cardiology is the branch of medicine that deals with diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases of the heart and blood vessels. Cardiology covers a wide range of conditions, including:

• Coronary artery disease.
• Heart failure.
• Arrhythmias.
• Hypertension. 

Cardiologists use diagnostic tools such as ECGs, echocardiograms, and stress tests and provide treatments including medications, lifestyle changes, and catheter-based procedures.

Major Cardiovascular Procedures

Coronary artery bypass grafting

Coronary artery bypass grafting is a surgical procedure used to improve the blood flow of the heart muscles by bypassing blocked or narrowed coronary arteries. 

During the procedure, the doctor will use healthy blood vessels taken from another part of your body to create a new route for blood to flow to the heart, relieving chest pain and reducing the risk of heart attacks.

Procedure steps:

• Preoperative preparation: The doctor will perform a full cardiac evaluation alongside an anesthesia administration.
• Access to heart: The procedure begins with the doctor op
• ening your chest using a sternotomy.
• Graft harvesting: The vein or artery is harvested for grafting.
• Bypass procedure: The doctor will then connect the grafts beyond the blocked arteries.

Heart valve repair or replacement

Heart valve repair or replacement is a surgical procedure that corrects the damaged heart valves that fail to regulate blood flow properly. 

Repairs preserve the patient’s own valve, while replacements use mechanical or biological prosthetics to restore normal circulation and prevent complications like heart failure.

Procedure steps:

• Evaluation: The doctor conducts a full evaluation of your condition and overall health with imaging studies.
• Surgical access: The procedure starts with the doctor opening your chest through sternotomy or small incisions.
• Repair or replacement: After that, the damaged valves are repaired or replaced with a prosthesis.
• Closure: When the procedure is done, your doctor will closely monitor your heart functions and close your chest so that you can be transferred to the resting area.

Pacemaker implantation

The pacemaker implantation is a procedure that involves placing a small device under the skin near your heart to control any abnormal heart rhythms. The device sends electrical signals that prompt your heart to beat at a healthy rate, especially if you have a slow heart rate or heart block.

Procedure Steps:

• Preparation: The doctor will make a full heart rhythm assessment; after that, the anesthesia will be administered.
• Lead placement: The doctor will guide the wires through a vein and into the heart.
• Device placement: The doctor will place the pacemaker under your skin; this device will send electrical pulses to help your heart beat at a normal rate and rhythm.
• Testing and Closure: After the system is tested for any problems, the doctor finishes the procedure by closing the incision.

Aortic Aneurysm Repair

Aortic aneurysm repair is the procedure to treat a bulging or weakened area in the aorta, which could rupture if left untreated. Depending on the aneurysm, either open surgery or a less invasive endovascular method is chosen to reinforce the aortic wall with a synthetic graft.

Procedure Steps:

• Assessment: A full imaging scan will be done by your doctor; this is done to locate and measure the aneurysm.
• Repair approach: The doctor will have the choice between performing an open surgery or an endovascular stent placement; this fully depends on your condition.
• Graft placement: Synthetic material used to strengthen the artery.
• Closure: After the procedure is done, the doctor closes the surgical site, and they will monitor your vital signs.

Essential Preparations Before Cardiovascular Procedures

Know what to expect

• During your first appointment with your doctor, they will explain the procedure and all of its aspects, why it’s needed, and all of its risks. 
• Don’t be afraid to ask any questions relating to the procedure; after all, this is your body, and you deserve to understand what’s happening.

Medications matter

• Some medications, such as blood thinners and diabetes medications, might need to be adjusted or stopped prior to the procedure.
• Make sure you bring a full list of everything you take, including vitamins and supplements.

Nothing to eat or drink

• You’ll likely need to stop eating and drinking for a period of time between 6 and 8 hours before the procedure. 

Plan for the day

• Arrange for someone to drive you home, and if you’re staying at the hospital, make sure you pack a small bag with all of your essentials, such as a phone charger, toiletries, and plenty of comfy clothes.

Take care of your head and heart

• It’s normal to feel nervous before the procedure, especially if it's a serious one.
• Talk to your doctor or nurse about any worries, and always remember that you’re not alone.

Recovery and Post-Operative Period After Cardiovascular Procedures

Short-Term Recovery

Hospital Stay:

• Patients are closely monitored in the ICU for 24–48 hours after surgery.
• Vital signs, heart function, and wound healing are continuously checked.
• Pain management and infection prevention measures are put in place.

Early Mobility:

• Patients are encouraged to move gently within a day or two to avoid complications like blood clots.
• Breathing exercises and light physiotherapy are introduced to strengthen the lungs and muscles.

Medication Management:

• New medications such as blood thinners, pain relievers, and heart-supporting drugs are started.
• Dosages and effects are carefully monitored and adjusted if needed.

Wound Care:

• Surgical sites are inspected daily.
• Instructions are provided to maintain hygiene and prevent infection.

Discharge Planning:

• Before leaving the hospital, patients receive a full care plan, including medication schedules, physical activity guidelines, and warning signs to watch for.

Long-Term Recovery

Physical Rehabilitation:

• Cardiac rehabilitation programs are recommended, combining supervised exercise, nutritional advice, and emotional support.
• Gradual return to normal activities over weeks to months is encouraged.

Lifestyle Adjustments:

• Permanent changes such as a healthy diet, regular exercise, quitting smoking, and stress management are critical.
• Weight control and blood pressure monitoring become a lifelong focus.

Medical Follow-Up:

• Regular cardiologist visits are necessary to monitor heart function and graft or device performance.
• Routine blood tests and heart imaging (such as echocardiograms) are scheduled periodically.

Emotional and Psychological Care:

• Counseling or support groups help manage emotional challenges like anxiety or depression.
• Building a strong mental health routine supports full recovery.

Monitoring for Complications:

• Patients are educated to recognize signs of infection, blood clots, irregular heart rhythms, or graft/device failure.
• Immediate medical attention is advised if any symptoms occur.

Embracing a Healthier Future After Cardiovascular Treatment

Cardiovascular procedures represent a major turning point in a patient’s journey toward a stronger, healthier life. 

With careful preparation, expert surgical care, and dedicated recovery, patients have the best chance for lasting heart health. Institutions like Biruni Hospital offer not only advanced treatments but also the expertise and support necessary to achieve the best outcomes. 

With determination and proper care, every patient can look forward to a renewed life filled with vitality and confidence.