Pulmonology

Our Pulmonology Department is staffed with highly experienced respiratory specialists and uses the latest diagnostic technologies, including high-resolution CT scans, bronchoscopy, and lung function tests. We follow globally recognized treatment protocols tailored to each patient’s condition.

Below are the main lung diseases treated at Biruni Hospital, along with their symptoms and treatment approaches:

1. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

 A critical condition where fluid accumulates in the alveoli, causing severe impairment of gas exchange and low oxygen levels. Often linked to sepsis, severe pneumonia, or trauma. Immediate ICU care is required.

Symptoms:

• Sudden severe shortness of breath
• Low blood oxygen saturation
• Rapid breathing
• Blue lips and extremities
• Feeling of suffocation and fatigue

Treatment at Biruni Hospital:

• ICU admission for close monitoring
• Mechanical ventilation for effective breathing
• Advanced respiratory strategies like Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP)
• Treating the underlying cause (infection or bleeding)
• Careful fluid management
• Continuous monitoring using advanced vital sign systems

2. Asthma

 A chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that causes narrowing and sensitivity to triggers like dust, cold air, or exercise. It leads to repeated episodes of shortness of breath, coughing, and wheezing.

Symptoms:

• Recurrent shortness of breath
• Chest wheezing, especially during exhalation
• Dry cough, worse at night or during exertion
• Chest tightness
• Severe cases may cause difficulty breathing

Treatment at Biruni Hospital:

• Accurate assessment using lung function tests
• Short- and long-acting bronchodilators
• Inhaled corticosteroids to reduce inflammation
• Patient education on proper inhaler use
• Personalized emergency action plans
• Regular follow-ups to adjust medications and monitor control

3. Bronchiectasis

A chronic lung disorder causing permanent widening of the airways, leading to mucus buildup and repeated infections. Often results from previous infections or chronic conditions like cystic fibrosis.

Symptoms:

• Chronic productive cough
• Recurrent chest infections
• Foul-smelling breath
• Occasional mild bleeding with cough
• General fatigue and shortness of breath in advanced stages

Treatment at Biruni Hospital:

• Targeted antibiotics based on culture results
• Respiratory physiotherapy for mucus clearance
• Use of devices like high-frequency oscillation or positive pressure devices
• Assessment for bronchodilators or inhaled steroids
• Regular follow-ups with imaging and lung function tests

4. Bronchitis

 Inflammation of the bronchial tubes, usually after an upper respiratory viral infection. Can be acute (short-term) or chronic (especially in smokers or COPD patients).

Symptoms:

• Persistent cough, sometimes with mucus
• Chest discomfort or pressure
• Mild fever
• Fatigue
• Wheezing

Treatment at Biruni Hospital:

• Pain and fever management in viral cases
• Bronchodilators for narrowing or wheezing
• Rest and adequate fluid intake
• Imaging and lung tests if symptoms persist >3 months
• Long-term management plan for chronic cases

5. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

 A progressive respiratory disease causing permanent airway narrowing, often from long-term smoking or pollution exposure. Includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema.

Symptoms:

• Gradual shortness of breath, especially with exertion
• Chronic cough
• Thick morning sputum
• Repeated lower respiratory infections
• Fatigue and decreased physical performance

Treatment at Biruni Hospital:

• Smoking cessation support
• Long-acting bronchodilators
• Pulmonary rehabilitation and respiratory therapy
• Close monitoring to prevent flare-ups
• Home oxygen therapy in advanced cases
• Education on infection prevention and vaccinations

6. Pneumonia

 Infection of the lung tissue leading to fluid or pus accumulation in the alveoli, impairing gas exchange. Can be bacterial, viral, or fungal, and ranges from mild to life-threatening.

Symptoms:

• Fever and chills
• Productive cough
• Shortness of breath
• Chest pain that worsens with breathing or coughing
• Fatigue and loss of appetite
• Rapid heart and respiratory rate

Treatment at Biruni Hospital:

• Comprehensive clinical assessment and chest X-ray
• Appropriate antibiotics based on pathogen
• Oxygen therapy if saturation is low
• Hydration and fluid replacement
• ICU care for critical cases
• Follow-up programs to prevent recurrence in high-risk patients

7. Pleural Effusion

Abnormal fluid accumulation between the lungs and chest wall, reducing lung expansion. Can result from heart failure, infection, or cancer.

Symptoms:

• Gradual shortness of breath
• Chest pain, especially on deep inhalation
• Dry cough
• Reduced breath sounds on examination
• Occasionally fever or fatigue

Treatment at Biruni Hospital:

• Accurate diagnosis via imaging and ultrasound
• Thoracentesis to remove excess fluid
• Fluid analysis to determine the cause
• Treat underlying disease (heart failure, infection, tumors)
• Chest tube placement for large or recurrent effusions
• Regular monitoring to prevent re-accumulation

8. Lung Cancer

 Malignant growth in lung tissue, often linked to smoking but can also occur in non-smokers. Early diagnosis is critical for effective treatment.

Symptoms:

• Persistent cough
• Coughing up blood
• Ongoing chest pain
• Unexplained weight loss and loss of appetite
• Shortness of breath
• Severe unexplained fatigue

Treatment at Biruni Hospital:

• Precise diagnosis with CT scans, bronchoscopy, and biopsies
• Multidisciplinary tumor team evaluation
• Surgery in early stages
• Chemotherapy or radiotherapy depending on type and stage
• Immunotherapy or targeted therapy when genetic indicators are present
• Palliative care to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life
  

9. Pulmonary Fibrosis

 Chronic disease causes gradual scarring and stiffening of lung tissue, reducing elasticity and gas exchange. Can be idiopathic or result from autoimmune or environmental causes.

Symptoms:

• Gradual shortness of breath, especially with exertion
• Persistent dry cough
• Fatigue and weight loss
• Blue lips or fingertips
• Crackling sounds on lung examination
  

Treatment at Biruni Hospital:

• Comprehensive lung function and evaluation
• Anti-fibrotic medications to slow progression
• Pulmonary rehabilitation for better respiratory fitness
• Home oxygen therapy if needed
• Continuous follow-up to adjust treatment plans
• Psychological support and patient education

Why Choose Biruni Hospital for Lung Disease Treatment?

Specialized and Experienced Medical Team

• Pulmonology and respiratory specialists with expertise in complex cases
• Multidisciplinary approach for optimal care

Advanced Diagnostic and Treatment Technologies

• High-resolution CT (HRCT),precise lung function tests
• Fiberoptic and interventional bronchoscopy
• Molecular diagnostics for tumors and infections

Personalized Treatment Plans

• Individualized strategies based on thorough assessment
• Acute or chronic conditions managed with tailored approaches

Comprehensive Rehabilitation Programs

• Respiratory therapy sessions with specialists
• Exercise programs for lung patients
• Guidance for living with chronic lung disease

Psychosocial Support

• Specialized psychological care for chronic and lung cancer patients
• Educational sessions for patients and families

Follow-Up and Home Care

• Regular follow-ups with the same care team
• Home oxygen therapy if needed
• Telemedicine consultations available

Safe and Sterile Treatment Environment

• Strict infection control protocols
• Comfortable, safe environment for respiratory patients
  

Advanced and comprehensive care for a wide range of lung diseases

 Biruni Hospital’s Pulmonology Department provides integrated care with an expert team, advanced facilities, and tailored programs for prevention and rehabilitation, aiming to achieve the best outcomes and restore patients’ quality of life. Contact the Pulmonology and Respiratory Care Department to schedule a consultation.